![]() ![]() ![]() Symbolic exchange concerns the reciprocal circulation of gifts, goods, meanings, and affects such that accumulation and possession become impossible or are annulled. Baudrillard, influenced by Marcel Mauss (1872–1950) and Georges Bataille (1897–1962), expounded a “radical utopia” in the notion of “symbolic exchange” to counter these theories. Yet, Baudrillard quickly broke with Lefebvre’s position, rejecting his argument for the emancipatory potential of technology, and turned to a wider-ranging critique of the dominant theoretical positions of the time: Marxism, psychoanalysis, semiotics, and cybernetic communications theory. ![]() After early experimental writing, Baudrillard engaged with sociological theory, influenced by his colleague Henri Lefebrve (1901–1991). His writing strategy was one of radical critique, escalation, and provocation and he reveled in poetic reversal, irony, and antagonistic hypotheses. ![]() Jean Baudrillard (1929–2007) was a prolific writer, the author of over thirty major works, and he influenced many academic disciplines including communication studies, sociology, political theory, media and cultural studies, art and photography, and design and architecture. ![]()
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